Vertigo is a distressing sensation of spinning, tilting, or movement—even when you are completely still. Many patients describe it as dizziness, imbalance, lightheadedness, or the feeling that the surroundings are moving. Vertigo is not a disease by itself; it is a symptom caused by conditions affecting either the inner ear (peripheral system) or the brain (central system).

Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment, and at Dr. HK’s Neuro and Parkinson’s Clinic, we provide specialized care for all types of vertigo and balance disorders.

Who Is at Risk of Vertigo?

Vertigo can affect anyone, but certain factors increase susceptibility:

• Advancing age

• Ear infections or fluid buildup

• Past head injury or trauma

• Migraine disorders

• Family history of vertigo or balance problems

• Medications that affect the inner ear or brain

• Cardiovascular conditions (hypertension, diabetes, stroke history)

Recognizing these risk factors helps in early prevention and timely treatment.

Types of Vertigo

Vertigo can be broadly classified into peripheral and central causes based on where the problem originates.

1. Peripheral Vertigo (Most Common)

Peripheral vertigo arises from disorders of the inner ear or vestibular nerve.

Key Features

• Sudden onset

• Intense spinning sensation

• Often associated with nausea or vomiting

• May include hearing loss, tinnitus, or ear fullness

Common Peripheral Causes

• Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) – caused by displaced crystals in the inner ear

• Vestibular Neuritis – viral infection of the balance nerve

• Ménière’s Disease – inner ear fluid imbalance causing vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss

• Ear infections or inflammation

• Ear trauma

2. Central Vertigo

Central vertigo occurs due to problems in the brainstem or cerebellum.

Key Features

• Less intense spinning but longer-lasting

• Often accompanied by neurological symptoms

Possible Causes

• Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)

• Multiple sclerosis

• Migraine-associated vertigo

• Rarely, brain tumors

Symptoms like double vision, slurred speech, limb weakness, severe imbalance, or difficulty walking signal central vertigo and require immediate medical attention.

How Vertigo Is Diagnosed

A detailed neurological and ENT examination helps determine whether vertigo is peripheral or central. Diagnostic tests may include:

1. Video Nystagmography (VNG)

Analyzes eye movements to understand the type of vertigo.

2. Audiometry

Evaluates hearing function to detect inner ear disorders.

3. MRI Brain

Identifies central causes such as stroke, demyelination, or tumors.

4. Blood Tests

Check for metabolic, infectious, or systemic conditions.

5. Balance Function Tests

In select cases:

• Posturography

• Caloric testing
  These evaluate vestibular function and help guide treatment.

Treatment Options for Vertigo

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. Our goal is to relieve dizziness, restore balance, and prevent recurrences.

1. Canalith Repositioning Maneuvers

Highly effective for BPPV.

Techniques include:

• Epley’s Maneuver

• Semont Maneuver

These simple, guided movements reposition displaced inner-ear crystals and provide quick relief—often within minutes.

2. Medications

Used for short-term relief in acute episodes:

• Vestibular suppressants

• Anti-nausea medications

• Steroids (in selected cases such as vestibular neuritis)

Medication use is carefully monitored to avoid dependence or delayed recovery.

3. Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT)

A form of physiotherapy designed to:

• Improve balance

• Reduce dizziness

• Enhance eye–head coordination

• Restore confidence in movement

VRT is essential for people with chronic or recurrent vertigo.

4. Lifestyle & Dietary Modifications

Depending on the cause, lifestyle changes may include:

• Low-salt diet for Ménière’s disease

• Staying well-hydrated

• Migraine trigger management

• Avoiding rapid head movements during recovery

5. Treating Underlying Neurological Conditions

When vertigo is caused by stroke, migraine, infection, or neurological diseases, specific treatments such as stroke management, migraine therapy, or surgical procedures may be required.

Take-Home Message

Vertigo is common—but highly treatable. Most cases, especially BPPV, respond quickly to repositioning maneuvers. However, persistent, severe, or recurrent vertigo may signal deeper neurological problems and should be evaluated by a specialist.

With accurate diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, and expert vestibular care, patients can regain balance, reduce dizziness, and return to a safe, active lifestyle.

At Dr. HK’s Neuro and Parkinson’s Clinic, we ensure comprehensive, compassionate care for all vertigo and balance disorders.